Prospecção de compostos bioativos no produto de fermentação de fungos endofíticos isolados de Handroanthus impetiginosus

Abstract

Endophytic fungi have been prospected as source of active metabolites. In this work, endophytic fungi had been isolated from a tree that produces medicinal compounds, Handroanthus impetiginosus, in order to check if they produce biological active metabolites and to identify the biologically active species. All the 148 strains isolated were screened by agar piece method to investigate their antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 e Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 . Among them, five endophytic fungi were fermented on small scale. The fermentation was performed in a Czapek broth, for 15 days, 28oC, under either stirring or static conditions. After this period, the cultures were filtered and subjected to liquid-liquid extraction. The obtained extracts were tested against the microorganisms mentioned above and the cancer cells MCF-7, HepG2 and A549. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) exhibited were 125-250 μg.mL-¹ (from Alternaria alternata) and 250-500 μg.mL-¹ (from Lasiodiplodia sp.) both against S. aureus . Two extracts appreciably reduced tumor cells viability and, therefore, these endophytic fungi were fermented on large scale. The extract from A. alternata significantly reduced the viability of all three cell lines tested to less than 10% and its chemical study was biomonitored. One of its fractions, F3, exhibited lower IC50 against MCF-7 and HepG2 (10.28±5.22 and 9.75±1.31 μg.mL-¹, respectively) than cisplatin, a pharmaceutical compound commercially available (21.12±1.56 and 27.15±1.73 μg.mL-¹, respectively). The extract from Lasiodiplodia sp. diminished the viability of MCF-7 and HepG2 cells to less than 10%. The partitioning of the extracts by column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography provided two isolated compounds from A. alternata and one from Lasiodiplodia sp. The samples were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance technique and the compound 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde was identified for A. alternata extract. The fermentation extracts of endophytic fungi from H. impetiginosus exhibited relevant biologic activity reducing the viability of cells derived from breast, liver and lung cancer.