Caracterização fitoquímica e avaliação das atividades biológicas dos extratos obtidos das folhas de Eugenia florida DC. (Myrtaceae)

Abstract

The medicinal plants correspond to the earliest strategies employed by man in the treatment of diseases of all types. Due to the great plant diversity with therapeutic potential, the history and culture of the Brazilian people, plants with potential antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and leishmanicidal have been the study by a range of researchers. Based on this information, the plant species Eugenia florida DC. is a promising candidate for such studies. Thus, this study aimed to identify and/or determine the chemical compounds present in hydroethanolic extract 70% (v/v) and macerated in methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone and hexane of species leaves in question, and evaluating the antiradical, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and leishmanicidal activities. Initially, there was a preliminary phytochemical screening by means of thin layer chromatography in dry extracts, which allowed the detection of compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, terpenoids and saponins. Subsequently, the extracts were analyzed in a mass spectrometer in negative mode, which allowed the identification of some chemical constituents of phenolics, terpenoids and saponins, based on the molecular weight and fragmentation mechanisms of some of the molecules. Quantitative chemical analysis showed that hydroethanolic extracts (EB) and macerated in ethyl acetate (M-EtOAc) were those with the highest levels of phenolic compounds, while EB and macerated in methanol (M-MeOH) were the demonstrated that contain the greater amount of flavonoids and tannins. In determining the antiradical activity, the EC50 value for EB presented very close to that obtained with standard quercetin, indicating an excellent activity. The macerated showed much lower antiradical activity. In the analysis of antimicrobial activity, the M-MeOH was more active against the yeast tested, but they were ineffective for bacteria used. None of the extracts was effective to inhibit the growth of promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis used in the test. In evaluating the biochemical parameters of diabetic rats treated with EB, there were significant decreases in serum glucose, fructosamine and triglyceride levels and increasing HDL cholesterol levels. EB's administration has had no effect on renal function, in AST and ALT activity and other parameters of lipid profile. However, there was an upgrade in liver and kidney damage in diabetic animals treated through reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA). Thus, it was concluded that the species E. florida DC. presents an interesting biological potential, mainly due to its bioactive secondary metabolites, which have demonstrated promising activity on biochemical parameters in models of diabetic rats.