Avaliação dos acidentes de trabalho e da autoestima de profissionais de enfermagem em ambientes hospitalares

Abstract

Many nurses work in hospitals, and the nursing staff has broad responsibility in these institutions for dealing with direct and integral care to the patient, and may submit them to occupational hazards and accidents by changing their self-esteem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of accidents and self-esteem of nurses in hospital settings in a municipality of Minas Gerais. It is a descriptive and analytical study, transversal and quantitative, developed with 393 nursing professionals (nurses, technicians and nursing assistants) who worked in three hospitals. For data collection was used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the population characterization questionnaire, which was submitted to the refining process and pilot testing. For data analysis we used the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 17.0, using the chi-square test Person or Fisher exact test, Cronbach Alpha and the odds ratio of the independent variables with accidents at work and with self-esteem, in addition to the logistic regression model. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Alfenas, according to opinion No. 773,900. With the results, it was observed that most professionals are female, aged 30-39 years married or cohabiting with partners, has monthly family income 1500-3000 actual, Catholics, does not consume alcohol and not cigarettes, do not practice physical exercises, have no chronic diseases and do not make use of continuous medication. Regarding the professional category, most are nursing technician, with up to 10 years in the profession, with working hours of 42 hours per week, and work at night. The population studied only a small part suffered accidents at work, with the highest number of accidents occurred on the night shift, and were recorded in Work Accident Report. Regarding the type of accident, most were with piercing and / or sharp object, and the lack of attention and work overload were the main reasons of the accident. Regarding the classification of self-esteem, it was found that most professionals have high self-esteem, and a percentage of workers also has medium and low self-esteem. The univariate analysis of the factors associated with the occurrence of accidents at work, it was observed that smoking, religious belief and the watershed event in the career were significantly associated with the accident. In the analysis of factors associated with self-esteem, it was found that the monthly family income, time of work in the profession and the career milestone event were significantly associated with self-esteem. Thus, it is emphasized that the work accident and the change in self-esteem, can directly affect the physical and mental health of nursing professionals, and thereby compromising the quality of life of these workers. Thus, we see the importance of caring for mental health professionals and the promotion of insurance against accidents at work in hospital settings.