Impacto de condições clínicas de saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de hipertensos e diabéticos no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde

Abstract

It is known the bidirectional relationship between chronic diseases and COHC (Clinical Oral Health Conditions). However, it is necessary to understand the dentition role upon the well-being and daily life among the populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the COHC-related to quality of life among hypertensive and diabetic subjects linked to FHU (Family Health Units) from Alfenas, MG, through a household survey. This was a cross-sectional study with a random sample stratified by FHU, composed of 218 subjects. The response rate was 56.48%. Most participants (56.42%) have only hypertension; is female (67.43%) - mean age 64.83 (±11.99). There were not registered statistically significant differences for the variables among hypertensive, diabetic and hypertensive-diabetic. The average DMFT for the total sample was 27.16 (±6.15) with FS-T 8.53 (±10.12), T-Health 5.23 (±6.52) and dental care index 13.58%. There was no inequality in the caries distribution (SiC=32; Gini=0.12). Only 0.53 (±1.79) crowns are decayed. Thus, 92.96% of the examined elements do not require treatment. Regarding to periodontal status, 50.46% of subjects present calculation, 20.64% gingivitis, 33.49% shallow pockets and 6.42% deep pockets, 80.73% had at least one sextant excluded from the evaluation and 44, 95% are total edentulous. Thus, 85.78% of the sample uses prosthesis. The denture is the most common (58.72%). The upper arch supports more devices than the lower (ρ=0.000). However, 61.01% of the sample still needs some prosthesis. The highest demands are in the jaw (58.26%). Regarding the type, it predominates partial dentures needs (37.16%). The mean score recorded in the OHIP-14 was 5.37 (±4.95), with a preponderance of low impact (81.65%). Weak, but significant correlations were recorded between COHC and the OHIP-14. In general, the teeth presence proved to be associated with psychological effects (ρ<0.05). However, the greater the tooth loss and prosthesis extension, the greater is also the physical and social impacts (ρ<0.05). More effective prevention, conservation and rehabilitation strategies in the context of collective oral health are necessary in order those the cultures of tooth loss and ‘prothesism’ become extinct from the popular imagination and common sense.