Itinerário terapêutico do homem com cardiopatia submetido à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio

Abstract

This study had as objective to understand the therapeutic itinerary of the men with cardiopathy submitted to the surgery of revascularization of the myocardium. For such an understanding were used the references theoretical of interpretative anthropology Geertz), medical anthropology of Kleinman and the ethnographic method. Twenty-one men participated in this study with cardiopathy submitted to the surgery of revascularization of the myocardium in an Institute of Cardiovascular Intervention of a city southern Minas Gerais. The ethical subjects were respected and the informers signed the Term of Free Consent and Illustrious to participate in the study. The collection of data happened in the period from March to November of 2012, in the informers' home. Interviews semi structured were accomplished recorded, participant observation and annotations in a field diary. The analysis and interpretation of the data were guided by the theoretical-methodological reference. Of the analysis two nuclei of meanings appeared: "From the health for the disease: a divisor of waters"; "The marked" body. The first nucleus reveals the begin of the manifestations of the disease and their repercussions, as the loss of autonomy in relation to the process health/disease; the importance of the religiosity front to the process of getting sick; the moment of the communication of the need of the surgery, the fear before an unusual situation and the concern with the family. In the second nucleus the period pre and postoperative that involves the preparation of the patient for the surgical intervention, the depersonalization due to the hospitalization, the rupture of the daily and the resignification of living. We verified that the family system is used by all of the men. However, under influence of the biomedical model, the self-medication is used thoroughly by the deponent. In a conjugated way they look for treatment in the popular and professional subsystem. This last one is dominant on the others, where the men, in this situation of disease find the resolution and the cure of the illness. We noticed that the "marathons" experienced by the men, the lack of resolutivity of some services, the inefficiency of the system of reference and counterrefence, allied to the hospitalization and the surgical intervention generate feelings as fear, anguish, anxiety and uncertainties. The manliness might have influenced the man to vulgarize the first alterations in the body. However, the man reaffirms his manliness exhibiting the body marked by the surgical scar as a victory, with bravery. We apprehended that the professionals of health, especially the Nursing should receive a formation to look for the integrality of the care centered in the guidelines of SUS, with emphasis to the reception, listens qualified, humanization, resolutivity and the compromising with the other.