Estudo da composição química e avaliação da atividade biológica de Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae).

Abstract

The species of Annonaceae family are broadly used in popular medicine for several therapeutic purposes. In this context, this study aimed to perform chemical analysis and evaluate the antimicrobial, leishmanicidal, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activiteis of hydroethanolic extract 70% (v/v), of hydroethanolic fractions and extract ethyl acetate. A obtaining of extract hydroethanolic 70% (v/v) by percolation, of hydroethanolic fractions obtained by chromatography (Sephadex LH-20) and of ethyl acetate extract by maceration. The leaves of Annona crassiflora Mart. were material of choice for this study. Initially, the phytochemical’s screening preliminary was performed by Thin Layer Chromatography, thus the extracts as fractions, it allowing the detection of compounds such as: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenolic acids and catechins. Subsequently, the extracts and fractions was analyzed in mass spectrometer, in full scan mode negative and positive, some chemical constituents can been suggest, based in molecular mass and fragmentation mechanisms proposed in the literature such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, procyanidins and alkaloids. Quantitative chemical analyses have showed that phenol contents in the dry extract hydroethanolic 70% (v/v) (262.02 ± 0.20 mg GAE/g) was higher than the concentration obtained in hydroethanolic fractions. The flavonoid levels were also higher in hydroethanolic extract 70% (v/v) (27.56 ± 0.40 mg EQ/g). it was observed in the evaluations of antioxidant activity that the pontecial the hydroethanolic fractions and ethyl acetate showed results more significant in regarding the hydroethanolic extract, where in the fractions hydroethanolic FHsdx2: 12-17 showed the best results. The antioxidant activity in vivo was realized by the method of lipid peroxidation, in kidney and liver homogenized, through determination of reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid. The administration of the hydroethanolic extract 70% (v/v) reduced the lipid peroxidation in liver and kidneys of animals treated. The analysis of antimicrobial activity revealed that the hydroethanolic extract 70% (v/v) had lower values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained for Candida albicans (7.81 µg.mL-1), Candida tropicalis (15.62 µg.mL-1), Candida glabrata (3.90 µg.mL-1) and Candida parapsilosis (7.81 µg.mL-1). Candida krusei was more susceptible to hydroethanolic fraction FHsdx2: 70-104, with MIC of 3.90 µg.mL-1. To evaluate the possible effect of Annona crassiflora Mart. species, in diabetic rats, blood glucose levels, concentrations of fructosamine, urea, creatinine, ASL and ALT was determined in serum samples from animals treated with 300mg/kg of hydroethanolic extract 70 % (v/v) of the sheets. These biochemical analyzes was performed by automated apparatus Humanstar 80. Based on the results obtained in this study, the administration of the extract could be evaluated, as the protocol adopted, don’t change the biochemical parameters analyzed in the serum of normal and diabetic rats. The antileishmanial activity was performed using 96-well plates. In leishmanicidal activity, the ethyl acetate extract up showed active against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes forms with IC50 respectively 4.35 µg.mL-1 and 42.50 µg.mL-1. We used the method colorimetric MTT for evaluating the cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate extract front of peritoneal macrophages from Wistar rats. The results showed a reduction of 86% of macrophages. Finally, the results can provide relevant information, not only for studies related to the prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, leishmaniasis and diseases caused by yeast, as well to human ensure and rational use of medicinal plants.