Avaliação de fitoquímicos e das atividades antioxidante celular e antiproliferativa do suco de grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis) e do suco de cambuci (Campomanesia phaea).

Abstract

Brazil is among the holders of the greatest biodiversity on the planet countries, presenting a wide variety of native fruits, wild and/or exotic among them grumixama and cambuci, and are excellent sources of bioactive compounds that have diverse biological activities. Several studies have shown that Brazilian native fruits, including many species belonging to the family Myrtaceae has shown high concentrations of phytochemicals, exhibiting antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Thus, care has to investigate the total phenolic content and the content of flavonoids, identify the presence of bioactive compounds and sugars and investigate the antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of grumixama and cambuci. For quantification of the phenolic compounds was utilized colorimetric Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and to quantify the content of flavonoids a modified colorimetric method was used. The identification of bioactive compounds and sugars was made by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined according to the test of Peroxyl Radical Scavenging Capacity (PSC) and Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA). The antiproliferative activity against lineage of cancer cells HepG2, A549 and MCF7 was assessed by colorimetric assay (MTS) and the cell viability by exclusion of trypan blue. The total phenolics, and flavonoids for grumixama was 938.21 ± 11.05 mg GAE/100 g of sample and 133.11 ± 31.21 mg EC/100 g of dry weight of the sample, respectively, and for the cambuci was 367.84 ± 10.79 mg GAE/100 g of sample and 79.73 ± 15.27 mg EC/100 g of dry weight of the sample, respectively. By the methods of PSC and CAA, the grumixama showed higher antioxidant activity (434.50 ± 3.63 μmol of Vitamin C equivalent/100 g and 93.47 ± 15.25 μmol EQ/100 g of sample, respectively) when compared to cambuci (249.54 ± 2.56 μmol of Vitamin C equivalent/100 g and 19.30 ± 4.07 EQ/100 g of sample, respectively). The HPLC chromatograms suggested the presence of flavonoids quercetin and rutin in the extract of grumixama and the NMR spectra suggested the presence of fructose, glucose, sucrose, mannitol and mannose in both extracts. The viability of HepG2 and A549 cultures was not affected by treatment with the extracts. However, reduction of cell viability was observed on MCF7 cultures at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. The test of viability, determined by trypan blue exclusion, at a concentration of 50 mg/mL, showed that the extract of grumixama has antiproliferative activity on MCF7 lineage by inducing cell death and that the antiproliferative activity of the extract of cambuci, at the same concentration, may be related to inhibition of cell proliferation. Therefore attaches great importance to fruits grumixama and cambuci, suggesting that they can help prevent the incidence of diseases caused by oxidative stress and is a good nutritional strategy.