Regulação da atividade Nox2 de neutrófilos por nitróxidos/

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced in neutrophils, through the Nox2 complex are directly associated with the deleterious actions that arise when inflammation escapes from the control of organic homeostasis. An exacerbated production of these species is controlled by endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), an important tripeptide able to repair oxidized biomolecules involved in cell signaling and to act as a scavenger of bioradicals. The nitroxides are synthetic and stable free radicals which have been frequently reported because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, it was shown that these compounds can modulate neutrophil respiratory burst, reducing the production of superoxide anion generated by the Nox2 complex in a mechanism were they act as scavenger of thiyl radicals (RS•), altering post-translational modification of proteins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of nitroxides 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) and 4-(9- acridinecarbonylamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (Ac-Tempo) to interact with thiyl radicals, especially glutathionyl (GS•), minimizing the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by inflammatory neutrophils isolated from the peritoneal cavity of mice. The respiratory burst in neutrophils stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13- acetate (PMA) was monitored spectrophotometrically and the interaction between thiyl radicals and nitroxides was analyzed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. To confirm the production of RS• during the activation of the Nox2 complex, the spin trap for GS•, 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was used and the characteristic DMPO/GS• adduct EPR signal was monitored. An increase in the fluorescence response was observed, accompanied by a reduction of EPR signal of nitroxide in cells stimulated with PMA. Posttranslational events such as S-glutathionylation were analyzed through dot blotting and the experimental groups treated with Tempo (100 μM) showed a decrease in the process of Sglutathionylation associated with the activity of the Nox2 complex. These results suggest that thiyl radicals play a role in the maintenance of the neutrophil respiratory burst and may provide a therapeutic target for inflammation management.