Caracterização da fauna de macroinvertebrados bentônicos da represa Águas Claras, Caldas, Minas Gerais

Abstract

This thesis has been divided into two chapters, the first of which addressed the characterization of benthic invertebrate macrofauna. The collections were made in four months (March, June, September and December) at Águas Claras Dam, in the municipality of Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In triplicate, the substrates were collected on 13 points with a Van Veen grab (378cm). 1792 specimens distributed in 37 taxa belonging to the phylum Annelida (class Oligochaeta) and arthropods (insect superclass) were identified. Oligocaheta represented 9.2% of the total species. Among insects, the family Chironomidae (Diptera) showed the highest richness (26 taxa - about 33% of the total). Still among the Diptera, the Ceratopogonidae (0.45% of total) and Chaoboridae families (23.5% of total) were identified. Ephemeroptera was exclusively represented by gender Campsurus sp (16.5% of total) and Trichoptera (Cyrnellus sp and sp Polycentropus) brought together 8.8% of the total. The Coleoptera, and Odonata Lepdoptera orders had sporadic records together representing 0.2% of the total. Analyses of densities showed that the highest density was recorded in June with 480.26 ind/m2 and the similarity index of Bray-Curtis revealed the formation of two distinct groups. The diversity estimated by Shannon index community was 3,415 in March, 3,555 in June, 3,254 for September and December to 2,661, not significantly different (p = 0.8513). This study revealed the influence of environmental factors on the benthic macroinvertebrate community of Águas Claras Dam. Factors related to impacts resulting from human activities such as the high content of organic matter in the sediment and poor preservation of riparian vegetation. However, other factors such as depth, temperature, size of the mineral particles of sediment were important at the same time one should exercise caution in interpreting data for monitoring purposes. In the second chapter were verified life cycle, secondary productivity and the distribution of Campsurus sp (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) in Águas Claras Dam, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Four sampling where monthly sampling between the fevereiro/2013 janeiro/2014 were performed were established. The community Campsurus sp was collected with the same methodology of the previous chapter. In the laboratory, the Campsurus sp were separate from other organisms. 138 individuals were identified in Águas Claras Dam. In August there was a greater amount, 25 specimens (18.12%). The total average density in the period studied was 25ind.m-2, with the month of August (2013) showing higher average density value of approximately 55ind.m-2. The analysis of histograms showed that most of the size classes was represented in almost all months, with the months of highest recruitment were February, March and August and the months with higher amounts of larger individuals were July, November, December and January. The relationship between the size (mm) and wet weight (g) indicated that the exponential fit obtained a curve with r ² = 0.9282. The calculated annual secondary production was 3.841gm-2year-1. In dam Águas Claras, it was observed that the distribution of Campsurus sp is not controlled by sediment type, since these have been registered in all kinds of sedimentary particles. The pellet was considered organic (> 10% organic matter) can be interpreted as greater availability of food resources, since the Ephemeroptera are considered generally scrapers or fodder.