Estudo da resina fenólica fenol/formaldeído e sua aplicação como matriz na preparação de nanocompósitos poliméricos contendo nanotubos de carbono

Abstract

This work describes the preparation, characterization and study of the properties of materials nanocomposites formed by phenolic resin (phenol-formaldehyde) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). In the preparation of the matrix polymer nanocomposites, were sinthesized two sets of phenolic resins, one with variations in molar reasons and another one with variations in the concentration [H+]. The samples were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FT-IR-ATR), FT-IR-ATR with heating in situ, 13C-RMN and TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), x-Ray Difraction and Raman Spectroscopy of TGA residues proving that the sample 1phenol:3formaldehyde with 3,2M HCl (1phe:3form_3,2M), should be used for prepare the matrix of nanocomposite. The carbon nanotubes (CNT) were oxidized and funcionalized with organofunctional silans APTES (3-Triethoxysilylpropylamine) improving its dispersion in the array, TGA residues were characterized with Raman Spectroscopy and DRX. Several samples were prepared containing percentages of CNT (0,3 to 2,5%p relative to phenol). The Nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR – ATR evidencing that incorporation of CNT did not change structurally polymers. Also through TGA attesting that the thermal properties of the Nanocomposites containing CNT have been improved. TGA residues were analysed by DRX proving the formation of CNT networks interconnected within the array, the sample containing higher amounts of CNT, decreased the loss of mass by about 10 percent when compared to the neat polymer, which probably also provide lower incidence of smoke and significant results on thermal protection of other materials. The addition of the CNT interfered in viscosity end of polymer pre and consequently in curing of the polymer. With the realization of Raman Spectroscopy made in the remaining TGA neat samples and nanocomposites was possible to verify that the reason ID/IG of these nanocomposites are close to those of the funcionalized CNT and the graphite having the possibility of this polymer be polymeric precursor of carbon.