Influência da glutamina na produção de metabólitos especiais em calos de Garcinia brasiliensis MART. (CLUSIACEAE)

Abstract

The Bacupari (Garcinia brasiliensis Mart.) is an arboreal species of medicinal importance, where through various studies have demonstrated the isolation and activity of important molecules such as 7-epiclusianone, guttiferona-A, garciniafenona and fukugetina. However, the production of these compounds in nature is limited, so seen the need for studies that optimize the production of these compounds. In this context the techniques of plant tissue culture, such as in vitro cultivation of cells (callus) has been used to produce and optimize the production of metabolites of pharmaceutical interest in vitro. The objective of this study was to use glutamine as a nitrogen source in callus of G. brasiliensis in order to investigate the influence of the amino acid in the production of phenols, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. The explants were inoculated in MS medium, MS with half concentration of the nitrogen salts, and MS absent of nitrogen sources supplemented with glutamine (5, 10, 30 and 60 mM). Biochemical analyzes were performed at intervals of 20 days and phytochemical analysis at the end of the culture period. At the 20 th and 100 th days, there was no difference in the amino acid content, between the treatments. In the remaining periods, the treatment with 60 mM of glutamine showed the lowest concentrations of amino acids. With respect to proteins, there were differences only at the 140 th day of cultivation, and the use of 60 mM of glutamine resulted in higher concentrations, while MS had the lowest concentrations. Similarly, the treatment with 60 mM glutamine resulted in higher levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, and the lower levels were observed in MS. Thus, it is concluded that the use of 60 mM glutamine to replace the nitrogen sources in MS medium in the 140 th day promoted the accumulation of proteins and synthesis of secondary metabolites in callus of Bacupari.