Estudo de área de risco para esquistossomose em região não endêmica do sul de Minas Gerais

Abstract

This paper presents the spatial distribution of Schistosomiasis through geotechnology aiming to better characterize the distribution of the prevalence of the disease and its intermediate hosts. The study was conducted in the municipalities of Guaranésia and Arceburgo MG, located in the South/Southwest of Minas Gerais. This area is not considered endemic for schistosomiasis, but it deserves attention by the presence of intermediate hosts and to import labor from workers in endemic areas, resulting in risk to establish foci of transmission. The procedures mainly consisted of running three stages: i ) diagnostic for workers , ii ) field campaigns in search of snails and iii ) spatial analysis from data geotechnology. 480 examinations were conducted in farm workers using 2 methods for diagnosis; Kato - Katz and Lutz / HPJ. The field campaign in search of snails sought to cover the main points in the study area. To perform spatial analysis, images were used Landsat-5/TM of 27/03/2011 and digital elevation models (DEMs) from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). The images were obtained from the image catalog of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), and the University of Maryland. The DEM was obtained from the catalog of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). With the digital elevation model was made the topographic map for characterize topographically the study area. The preparation of the map of drainage and other water resources was obtained through vectorization of these elements based on the DEM and Landsat images. We also carried out the preparation of the statement of use and occupation of land. The locations where they were found and infected snails were plotted spatially on the map and we used the kernel intensity estimator. In the field campaign 7 places with B. tenagophila were found in Arceburgo, totaling 752 snails. No infected snails were found. The overall prevalence of enteroparasites in Arceburgo and Guaranésia was approximately 13.5% for a total of 480 tests and only 4.4% for S. mansoni. The spatial analysis was possible to identify four "hot spots" of snails in the municipality of Arceburgo: 3 in the rurall area and 1 in the urban area, where the most snails B. tenagophila. With respect to human cases, it was observed one area concentrating all the cases in rural Guaranésia. Results indicate a spatial trend in the risk of transmission of Schistosomiasis in the study area.