Estudo da resistividade das vias aéreas em camundongos obesos

Abstract

Obesity is increasing in epidemic form throughout the world and it has a profound effect on the physiology of respiration and is associated with a state of chronic systemic inflammation, which can promote the hyperreactivity of the airways. To study the processes that occur in the airways, this study aimed to evaluate the resistivity of the airways strain obesity induced Swiss mice. We analyzed the effects of induction of obesity by reducing litter model; respiratory mechanics, to analyze the resistivity of the respiratory system by: tissue elastance (Htis), the resistances of the lungs (Gtis) and airway (Raw) and histeresividade (η), morphometric analysis of lung tissue for quantification of inflammatory cells and normal, collapsed and hyperinflated alveoli; quantification of the proteins collagen type III and elastin in animals normal and litter reduced by the technique of Western Blot to verify the presence of remodeling. According to the obtained results it can be seen that the induction model was effective because there was an increase in body weight, Lee index and mass periepididymal and retroperitoneal fat. With respect to lung mechanics, there was no difference between groups for baseline values after administration of saline (Sal) and methacholine (MCh) in Raw, Gtis, Htis and η parameters. Upon salbutamol (Salb) challenge, only the η, which represents a relationship between dissipation and energy conservation in the lung tissues, differed between groups, being higher in reduced litter group. This result can be attributed to heterogeneity entailed by bronchial provocation and diminished response to bronchodilators promoted by inflammation and alterations of the extracellular matrix. There was a decrease in normal alveoli and alveolar collapse increases, which can lead to an increased heterogeneity of lung and viscoelasticity for the same which can be attributed to the presence of increased and decreased collagen III, elastin, found in this study. This change of the content of collagen and elastic fibers suggests a remodeling process. There was an increase of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells indicating the presence of inflammation, which can also aid in the remodeling process and lead to hyper- responsiveness. Therefore, obesity caused increase in inflammatory cells, changes in the extracellular matrix of the lung parenchyma and alveolar collapse in animals reduced litter, but there was no change in Raw, Gtis, Htis parameters of pulmonary mechanics between groups and the parameter η was no difference after administration of salbutamol, demonstrating that there had no change in responsiveness.