Avaliações neuroendócrinas e cardiovasculares resultantes da expansão de volume sanguíneo durante o choque séptico experimental

Abstract

Septic shock, the most severe form of sepsis associated with refractory hypotension and organ dysfunction, is a deadly disease. The augmented incidence is probably due to 77 progressive aging of the population, improvements in critical care support, and progress in immunosupressive therapies, including chemotherapy, so that individuals with immunosupression and malignancies now have increased life expectancy, therefore increasing the occurrence of septic episodes during their life course. The list of therapies proven ineffective in sepsis is long and discouraging. In the present study we evaluated the effects of intravenous infusion of isotonic and hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch solutions on mean arterial pressure and on electrolytes, vasopressin levels and gases in the blood during experimental septic shock induced by cecal ligation and perforation. Male Wistar rats (250 – 300 g) with jugular vein and femoral artery catheters were anesthetized with tribromoethanol (250 mg/kg) and submitted to cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) or sham surgery (SS). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored for 24 hours and blood parameters (Na+, osmolality, hematocrit, pH, pO2, pCO2, O2 saturation, HCO3 -) were evaluated at 0, 6 and 24 hours after CLP or SS. Volume expansion with isotonic hydroxyethyl starch solution (Iso- HES) (HES 6% in NaCl 0.9%; 4 ml/kg, 8ml/kg, 16ml/kg), hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch solution (Hyper-HES, HES 6% in NaCl 7.5%; 4 ml/kg) or hypertonic saline (HS, 7.5% NaCl; 4 ml/kg) were performed 6 hours after CLP or SS. MAP was measured for 30 minutes, blood parameters were measured at 30 min, and plasma vasopressin was assessed 5 minutes after volume expansion. In the twenty-fourth hours the animals were sacrificed for removal of the aortic for analysis of vascular reactivity CLP decreased MAP and this decrease last for 24 hours,besides the reduction of vascular reactivity. Intravenous infusion of Iso-HES decreased hematocrit but did not change MAP or other blood parameters. However, both infusions of Hyper-HES and HS increased MAP, increased vasopressin and ocitocin release, increased plasma sodium and also increased plasma osmolality. There were no other changes in blood parameters and vascular reactivity after administration of hypertonic solutions. Volume expansion with hypertonic solutions (Hyper-HES and HS), but not with isotonic solution (Iso-HES), produced an increase in MAP during septic shock induced by cecal ligation and perforation, and this effect is mediated by vasopressin release.