Aspectos estruturais e potencialidade leishmanicida de compostos de paládio(II) ciclometalados ou não, com o ligante imínico H3C-O-p-C6H4-(E)HC=N-C6H4-p-N=CH(E)-C6H4-p-O-CH3

Abstract

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of research papers that report the use of transition metal compounds for therapeutic purposes. Many studies were based on the possible interactions of metal ions with bimolecular present in living organisms. It is known that the geometry of square-planar metal ions present in the palladium(II), platinum(II), gold(III), nickel(II) - strong field and iridium(I) - strong field, favors the ion-DNA interaction and drugs act mainly as intercalation inter-or intra-tape. This work was guided by the synthesis and characterization of new complexes of palladium(II) with potential pharmacological applications. We obtained a compound cyclometallated Pd(II) by reacting the ligand nitrogen cyclometallated H2ani2p-fen with tetracloropalad(II) of lithium in molar ratio (1:1 or 1:2). The complex stoichiometry (1:1) [Pd2(Hani2p-fen)2Cl2] C2 was used as precursor in the synthesis of five complexes, of halide substitution by chlorine and bromine and iodine pseudohalide azide, cyanate and thiocyanate: [Pd(H2L)X2], [Pd2(HL)2X2], [Pd4(H2L)2X4] and [Pd4L2X4] where X = N3, NCO, SCN, Br and I. Since the complex stoichiometry (1:2) [Pd4(Hani2p-fen)2(ani2p-fen)Cl4] C8 was used as precursor in the synthesis of more complex five others. Substitutions were also chlorine by halides (Br, I) and pseudohalide (N3, SCN and NCO), yielding the complexes: [Pd4(HL)2(L)X4] and [Pd4(L)2X4] where X = N3, NCO, SCN, Br and I. In addition to the spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, IR e NMR of 1H), Tests of solubility, melting point, elemental analysis (CHNS) and thermogravimetric studies (TG-DTA) for both the imine ligand, as for the complexes metal. Regarding the vibrational spectroscopy in the ultraviolet - visible, there was the shift of the absorption bands of the complexes indicating coordination of the ligand and the substitution of groups coordinated regiospecífies bridge. The technique of vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared region allowed inferring the mode of coordination of pseudohalide and confirms the presence of the ligand coordinated to the metal center. This technique confirmed that the azide, cyanate and thiocyanate groups are preferably coordinated so end-on, end-to-end and terminal. The analysis of NMR 1H spectra of ligand and complexes cyclopalladated nitrogen showed the presence of signs consistent with the proposed structures. Regarding the thermograms was possible to propose a mechanism for new thermodecomposition complex, because as the only waste met Pd identified by X-ray diffraction by the powder method. Aiming to employ these compounds in biological assays front of Leishmania, experiments were performed in vitro cell promastigotes and amastigotes of L. (L.) braziliensis. Determined the viability of these cultures, expressed by the Index of Cytotoxicity (IC50), which indicates the concentration of substance that induces death 50% of the cell population. The compounds that showed better leishmanicidal activity were those containing chlorine (C8) and thiocyanate (C11).