Estudo químico e bioprospecção de Caesalpinia pluviosa var. peltophoroides

Abstract

Plants have provided comfort to the man and raw materials in all their needs in terms ranging from housing, clothing, foods, flavors and fragrances and chemicals that are of immeasurable importance for humanity in its current state. Among the more than 500 species of the genus Caesalpinia spp., 30 species only were studied for their potential bio-pharmacological. Caesalpinia pluviosa var. peltophoroides, object of study to be systematic in this work, will be tested about the pharmacological properties of its constituents, providing important information of the species. In literature there are few reports on information from its traditional use. An exception is given to preliminary studies about the molluscicide activity of extracts from various plants, and among them Caesalpinia pluviosa var. peltophoroides. For the phytochemical study of its constituents, the crude ethanol extracts (CEE) of the stem, flowers, leaves and fruits were obtained by extraction in ethanol PA, concentrated and subsequently fractionated into hexane, ethyl acetate and EtOH/H2O (hydro-alcoholic) and then tested for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities. Pharmacological tests showed that the CEE. has significant activity against carrageenan-induced inflammation, reducing the paw edema at 53.81% in the fourth hour of the test for a dose of 100mg/kg (stem) and 43.69% (flowers) at a dose of 100mg/kg in third hour of testing, while the standard indomethacin (10mg/Kg) showed reductions of 75.49% and 82.73% inhibition, respectively, for the hours 3 and 4 of the experiment. The test results of Formalin for analgesic activity of the CEE. show that there is activity in the two phases of analysis (neurogenic [1] and inflammation [2]). In Von Frey test, analyzing the intensity of hypernociception induced by carrageenan, the extracts were significant as antinociceptive agents. Values ​​of paw withdrawal threshold close to the standard morphine were obtained, where the CEE of the flowers showed the best result at a dose of 300 mg/kg in the first hour, with a delta of 1.21±0.35 and third hours, a delta of 1.38±0.47, while the reference drug showed values ​​of 0.617±0.25 and 0.66±0.21, respectively, for the first and third hours of analysis. The antioxidant activity of ethylic acetate partition of the flowers of Caesalpinia pluviosa var. peltophoroides was higher the standard Butylatedhydroxytoluene and equivalent to the Ascorbic Acid, close to 100% inhibition of DPPH radical. The results of Total Phenolics Test showed that the phenolic species is rich in polyphenols, presented values ​​of 28.62%, 32.07%, 39.18%, 30.63%, respectively, for the CEE. stem, leaves, flowers and fruits. A biflavonoide isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the stem of Caesalpinia pluviosa var. peltophoroides and its structure was determined to be unprecedented in the literature so far. For the structural determination was performed techniques of NMR were used hydrogen and carbon, in addition to the two-dimensional correlations COSY, HSQC, HMBC and also the technique of mass spectrometry. In the genus Caesalpinia, only one species showed the occurrence of this rare class of compounds, the biflavonoids, she being the Caesalpinia pyramidalis. This work contributed to the knowledge of the genus Caesalpinia chemotaxonomic and knowledge about the species worked with their pharmacological activities tested.