Semissíntese e estudo da relação estrutura-atividade antimicrobiana de novos derivados da Guttiferona-A

Abstract

Infections caused by bacteria and fungi are very common and acquired resistance to available antibiotics has become common, showing the need for constant research and investments in new effective antimicrobial drugs. Among the alternatives to the prospection for new drugs, natural products stand out as sources of active ingredients, new molecular models and raw materials with innovative molecular patterns. As part of a project aiming the bioprospection and the design of new bioactive substances, the gender Rheedia was elected as a source of poliprenylated benzophenones to be used as starting materials for new semi-synthetic derivatives with optimized antibacterial profile and structure-activity relationship studies (SAR). The central objective was to synthesize new derivatives of guttiferone-A (LFQM-78), a natural benzophenone, carrying out modifications of their hydro/lipophilic properties by the insertion of substituents on the phenolic hydroxyl groups to optimize the profile of antimicrobial activity of this compound. Semi-synthetic derivatives were evaluated for their effects s against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The most sensitive microbial species to the target compounds were Gram-positive (ATCC 6538) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), and some of the derivatives were more active than chloramphenicol, used as standard. Our results were indicative that a variation in lipophilicity of the molecules was an important requisite for antimicrobial activity modulation, and that the structural modifications made on guttiferone-A led to more potent and selective derivatives, with lower toxicity for different types of pathogens.