Adaptação transcultural e validação da escala de angústia espiritual em pacientes com câncer

Abstract

The spiritual distress is a subjective phenomenon and focus from nurse of attention who can be seen when the human being is experiencing sometime confrontational in their life, usually before an illness, as the cancer. The relationship between the presence of cancer and the phenomenon of spiritual distress is something that deserves attention, since the joining of the two can further compromise the health. So, search for tools that are able to identify and, if possible, measure this phenomenon. However, Brazilian literature presents no standardized instrument that is able to evaluate it. Thereby, the present study aimed to perform the translation, cultural adaptation and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spiritual Distress Scale that if shows present literature in the English language. This process was carried out following the steps of translation, the synthesis of these translations; the back-translations; the cultural equivalence evaluation; the review by a committee of judges; the pretest; the tests of reliability and the validity. Once you get to the final version of the scale of spiritual distress in Portuguese, was performed pre-test and reliability test inter-and intra-examiner with 20 patients diagnosed if cancer in treatment in Holy House of Charity Our Lady of Perpetual Help of Alfenas. To evaluation the validity, was used the Scale Wellness Spiritual that were applied concomitantly in 150 patients from the same population. The reliability analysis of the scale was performed using the coefficient statistical Kappa and Alpha Cronbach and of validity by factor analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient. The analysis of intra and interexaminer was considered satisfactory, since more than half of the items had Kappa values above 0.75. In the analysis of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis, only the domain three “Relationship with God” presented values discrepant in both the analyzes. However, this fact brought no harm to study, since the scale overall and three of the four domains present in the same showed significant parameters and corresponded to the proposed of original scale. As the spiritual distress is a nursing diagnosis difficult to cope with in practice by presenting complex and subjective defining characteristics, besides being extremely personal and dynamic. The use of Spiritual Distress Scale, adapted and validated in this study in the Brazilian context, can facilitate the process of clinical reasoning and answer the spiritual needs of this population. It will also enable the identification of this diagnosis, since proved to be a instrument reliable, valid and efficient, able to evaluate the phenomenon that purport to measure (spiritual distress).