Estudo sistemático dos geossistemas do município de Caldas – MG com vistas ao planejamento territorial

Abstract

Geosystems are complex systems composed of interconnected natural and social elements. These systems are characterized by dynamic interactions and interdependencies among their elements, which shape the landscape and influence its functioning. The science dedicated to the study of landscapes seeks to understand the phenomena and processes that occur within them, especially their dynamics, generating integrated and systemic knowledge about the areas under investigation. This, in turn, assists in the development of environmental plans that aim to balance the potential use of these areas with their effective utilization. In this context, this work consists of a detailed study of the geosystems of the municipality of Caldas, located in the South of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Based on the methodological proposal of Sochava (1971, 1977, 1978) for the study of geo-environmental units defined as geosystems, the objective was to understand the characteristics of these units and to identify and analyse their structure and functional dynamics. For this purpose, the study area was characterized based on its physical-natural and socio-economic aspects, which included geomorphological compartmentalization, the study of environmental fragility, land use capacity, and mapping of geosystemic units. The results reveal the main anthropic interferences in the geosystems, discussing the environmental challenges faced by the municipality of Caldas, such as soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and degradation of water resources. The results also include, in addition to thematic cartographic production, a synthesis table containing the environmental diagnosis and guidelines aimed at the conservation of geosystemic units at the facies class and facies group levels, suggesting conservation measures and land management to mitigate impacts in order to promote the conservation and better use of landscape potentials. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding geosystems for environmental conservation, considering the need for further knowledge about the physical environment as a subsidy to territorial planning.