Sob a pele: o processo de heteroidentificação na graduação da Universidade Federal de Alfenas

Abstract

This study aimed to answer the following research question: how can hetero-identification commission be understood and confirmed as an effective way for the measurement of self-declaration of blacks at the Federal University of Alfenas UNIFAL-MG in its three campuses: Alfenas, Varginha and Poços de Caldas? The object of the work was the process of hetero-identification for the admission of blacks and browns in the institution's undergraduate courses. As a general objective, the research seeks to analyze the procedures of the Commission for the Veracity of Self-Declaration (CAVANE) in achieving its legal and social purposes in accordance with Federal Law No. 12,711/2012. This is a study with a qualitative, reflective, documental and bibliographical approach, with data collection at the aforementioned institution. From these methodological choices, the specific objectives were to examine the administrative organization of UNIFAL-MG regarding the implementation of the hetero-identification commission and the adoption of the phenotypic criterion in its search for the effectiveness of racial quotas in higher education. From the Public Administration perspective, it is imperative that the hetero-identification process be objective and transparent when it is verified, providing sufficient information for the exercise of social control in its decisions. In order to achieve the research objectives, two stages were necessary for the work, whose methods were, in the first, the internal sources, in particular the Semiannual Report (2nd semester of 2020), franchised by the university's Ombudsman, in addition to institutional data delivered by UNIFAL -MG. In the second, an exploratory analysis of the following data: (i) internal legislation; (ii) call and publication of information (iii) process of disclosure of quotas with race-color criteria by the university. The results indicate a converging tendency regarding the adoption of the hetero-identification procedure and the occupation of vacancies based on the PAA's. As a result, a significant decrease in interviews, appeals and also reports of alleged fraud can be noted. In addition, the data show that the number of rejected enrollments has decreased exponentially, since, if at the beginning of the count, in 2018, the percentage of rejections was 52%, in the second half of 2020 this number had already decreased considerably to 11 %. The data also reveal that the regulation and performance of the work of the verification committee were able to correct the flow of candidates who entered UNIFAL-MG through the quota system. Finally, the study presents some reflections about the social and political consequences caused by hetero-identification at UNIFAL-MG and what can still be done to expand these results, above all, as an important procedure to deconstruct the framework of racial exclusion and to contribute that black students assume the role of their future in a society, unfortunately, still based on slavery, like the Brazilian one.