Levantamento do banco de dados de desastres em Poços de Caldas – MG

Abstract

In the last 20 years about 1.23 million people died and another 4.03 billion were affected by disasters. Thereby, the development of researches that make a comparison between the physical environment and the social aspects, measuring the socio-environmental vulnerability at the city level, it is utmost importance, especially in regions with lack of research in this field, since such researches allow public policy developers make more assertive decisions in relation to aspects that contribute to reducing the level of vulnerability of populations most sensitive to disasters. In this sense, this work carried out a survey of disaster data in the municipality of Poços de Caldas (MG), between the years 1970 and 2021, systematizing the data in the form of a spreadsheet and trying to understand in a macro way how the disaster events happened in the County. At first, the survey, analysis and construction of a database of occurrences in official and unofficial departaments of the municipality was carried out. In this period, 2,479 records were analyzed, with 1,224 technical inspections carried out by the Civil Defense and 1,255 occurrences of disasters recorded in all sources surveyed, being identified, 715 Hazards, 42 Small Disasters and 8 Disasters in 783 disaster events. Regarding the COBRADE classification, the most frequent occurrences of the natural group were: meteorological > geological > climatological > hydrological in general numbers. In the technological group, they were: disasters related to urban fires > occurrences related to civil works > disasters with dangerous products. Furthermore, with the construction of this database, it was also possible to identify the event on 01/20/2016 as the worst disaster in the entire municipality history. Analyzing the hydrological data, it can be identified that all rainfall stations significantly exceeded the annual average estimated by the municipal review plan. In the construction of the IVS, data from 214 census sectors were used out of a total of 240 delimited in the municipality, which corresponds to about 89.16% of the total sectors and 68.29% of the total urban perimeter. The areas with the greatest coverage according to the classification were Medium-High Vulnerability and Medium-Low Vulnerability. Comparing the IVS with the hydrological data and the occurrences of disasters in the 2010s, it is noted that there was a direct relationship between the amount of rain, the number of occurrences of disasters and the class of social vulnerability of these census sectors. However, when we analyze the largest disaster event, it is noted that there is a direct relationship between the amount of rain and the number of disaster occurrences, however, the same cannot be said about the IVS, since the census sections related to the biggest disaster event are classified as low or medium-low vulnerability. Thus it can be identified that the use of non official data as a complemente of official ones, both classified according to COBRADE, can be eficiente na effective in the information production related to the decreasing of the fatalities, harms and economic loss occurrences related to disasters.