Medição, modelagem e análise da inserção de sistema fotovoltaica na rede – estudo de caso da Universidade Federal de Alfenas – Campus Poços de Caldas

Abstract

In order to cover the knowledge obtained through chemical engineering and applied in practice, the work aimed to measure, model and analyze the insertion of the photovoltaic system in the network. Thus, the research used the Federal University of Alfenas - Poços de Caldas Campus as a case study, which was accompanied by the installation of a 84.36 kWp mini photovoltaic plant. The mini plant was installed in two buildings of the university with the implementation of an instrumentation and automation system, which provides measurement data in both the continuous (DC) and alternating (AC) parts, providing the necessary information on the quality of the energy generated. Initially, a pre-project was developed, using the PVsyst software, to quantify the benefits of installing the photovoltaic system at the university. Based on simulations and with the verification of all possible losses of the system, a study was carried out over 12 months on energy efficiency and savings to be generated for the institution. For comparison and validation purposes, the simulated system was compared with the real one using the software from the manufacturer Fronius Solar Web. In order to guarantee the correct functioning of the plant, evaluating possible problems that this system could generate in the electrical network, it was also performed, in together, a simulation of the entire photovoltaic system using standard engineering software, called MATLAB / Simulink. Real climatic data, collected at the solarimetric station installed at the university, were inserted in the simulation, thus guaranteeing the correct assessment of the system. In addition, it was necessary to develop in software, a control system capable of meeting the maximum power point during power generation. After the theoretical analysis, field measurements were made with the photovoltaic system already installed using the energy analyzer instrument, in order to compare the impacts actually caused on the network with those that were simulated in MATLAB / Simulink. The measurements were performed before and after the installation of the mini plant, which resulted in an analysis of the energy quality comparing the electrical energy in the two situations. It is worth mentioning that the results obtained with the measurement and simulation equipment were compared with MODULE 8 of the Electricity Distribution Procedure in the National Electric System - PRODIST, which defines the electric power quality standards (QEE) in relation to the disturbances that occur on the network. Thus, it is concluded that the installation of the photovoltaic system obtained an efficiency of 79.3%, generating for the institution an average monthly savings of 10,947kW. During the analyzed period, photovoltaic generation caused minimal impacts on the grid after its insertion, remaining within the required parameters, with an improvement in the power factor, which contributes to the energy quality of the evaluated system.