Evidências da estratificação de risco familiar na prática da estratégia saúde da família: scoping review

Abstract

The classification of family risk is important in planning, organizing and developing actions in the work process of the Family Health Strategy (FHS), which allows us to indicate how families require priority care. Thus, the research aimed to map the scientific evidence on family risk stratification in the practice of the Family Health Strategy. This is a study of the nature of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP), through Scoping Review, which uses the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) which is conducted from the processed steps of a research protocol with the definition of research objective and question; inclusion criteria, according to the PCC mnemonic (P: Families registered in the Family Health Strategy; C: Family Risk Classification and C: Family Health Strategy); presentation of the operationalization of the research, through descriptors in the databases: BVS, Scielo, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar and BDTD; search strategy; selection of evidence sources; data extraction; analysis of evidence; presentation of results and summary of evidence, which, for a study writing, using Prisma-ScR. The results of the study found a total of 6,751 documents, which were screened with exclusion for duplicity and for not meeting the inclusion criteria; after reading in full, 46 studies were included. The 2013 annual production was the largest, with seven studies. The State of São Paulo was the geographic origin that most identified studies of the selected ones. Most documents were affiliated with an institution of higher education. The most related professional in the authorship list is the nurse, representing 46.3% of the total, with nursing also being the most frequent area of ​​publication of articles. Thirteen family risk classification instruments were identified; the most used being the Coelho and Savassi Family Risk Scale. It was evident that the concept of family risk is related to the clinical and socioeconomic factors of family members and the observance of risk sentinels can lead to the classification of family risk, in order to lead in the work process of professionals of the Health Strategy of Family. There are still many gaps to be resolved, such as improving the risk factor identification form that allows for the development of an instrument that meets the current reality of risk and family vulnerability. It is concluded that the study allowed the transmission of the breadth and depth of the classification of family risk, combined with the qualification process of the health system, the concept of risk evolved, which is closely related to the biological issue for vulnerability, linked to determining and conditioning factors of health.