Ações afirmativas na educação profissional técnica de ensino médio: um estudo de caso com jovens estudantes cotistas

Abstract

In this research, we seek to understand the meaning of racial quotas for young quota students at the Federal Center for Technological Education of the South of Minas, CEFET- MG, Nepomuceno unit. We attribute to the concept of meaning, three sociological categories of analysis, which are: perceptions, value judgment and lived experiences. The study participants were 18 racial quota students aged from 15 to 19 years old. They are enrolled in the 1st and 3rd grade of integrated technical courses in Mechatronics, Electrotechnics and Computer Networks. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups from March to June 2019. Within the problematizations scope, the study aimed to identify whether Affirmative Public Policies have any effect on the subjective construction process of young black people (boys and girls). To this end, we sought to apprehend how quota holders’ students deal with issues related to ethnic-racial relations as students from vacancy reservations, both inside and outside the school environment, in their interaction with colleagues, teachers and technicians. The case study approach was the main research methodology used. Other instruments, for data collection, were also part of the investigation, such as: literature review, documentary research, semi-structured interviews, quantitative analysis of the cases of evasion and permanence of quota students and non-quota holder racial students, and the realization of focus group. The results showed that the meaning of racial quotas for racial quota students is related to the idea of help, support, chance and opportunity to enter in a federal institution of integrated technical education recognized for the quality on education offered. It was found that the meanings of racial quotas for young racial quota students (boys and girls) are dynamic and, therefore, they are re-signified as these subjects (boys and girls) become aware of the historical struggle of resistance of the black population in our country. Based on the construction of meaning cores with the information obtained, we hope that the results achieved here can, to some extent, contribute, together with the other studies carried out, to better understand the process of implementing affirmative policies with a focus on this student audience and at that level of education.