Territorialização dos agrotóxicos na agricultura familiar no município de Guaranésia-MG.

Abstract

The progressive use of pesticides in Brazil and in the world takes place in the 1960s. It can be seen that the agricultural space is a portrait of the subordination of Brazilian agriculture to capital, with the strong presence of the incentive carried out by the Brazilian government in favor of companies oligopolized transnational corporations. In the south of Minas Gerais, more precisely in the Immediate Geographic Region of Guaxupé-MG, there is the municipality of Guaranésia-MG, where family farming is mainly associated with the production of coffee and other commodities, and this municipality is inserted in the globalization via cooperatives, and in this sense, the economic pressure imposes challenges on family farmers for their maintenance and safe reproduction. The research aimed to understand about the motivations in the use of pesticides, as well as, their production demands, the health of these producers and their families, the availability of agricultural credit to finance production, their perceptions about the use of agrochemicals, the agricultural profitability and their knowledge of organic production. For this, the qualitative approach was used as a fundamental and guiding axis of the investigations, in complementarity, the questionnaire was used in the field work developed. The agricultural context of Guaranésia was chosen, as it is a sample of the reality of southern Minas Gerais. Therefore, this reflection was justified by seeking to understand the globalization of agriculture, the territorialization of the use of pesticides and consequently the socioeconomic impacts for family farming, and thus, to be able to elucidate the agrarian reality in the municipality of Guaranésia-MG, as well as in the national scenario. With the information obtained, it is possible to understand the “strength” and lobbying of the market and cooperatives, in addition to the current inertia and setbacks of the State, at the state and mainly federal levels, in the policies of valorization of family farming, thus composing obstacles to the structuring of a healthy and safe food policy for the population.