Caracterização fitoquímica e da citogenotoxicidade de extratos e frações de folhas de Duranta erecta L. (VERBENACEAE) em bioensaios vegetais

Abstract

Duranta erecta L. popularly known as Goldfinch, grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It has bushy features with woody characteristics, reaching up to 4 m in height. Widely used in the implementation of landscape, urban and residential projects, due to its rusticity and excellent response to the four practical sessions of its branches, where, unlike the strategist, a platform forms a strong and compact coverage. It is known rich in flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and other minor substances with pharmacological and allelopathic potential. This term is characterized by the interaction of plants, microflora and / or macrofauna, by the action of secondary plant and microbial metabolites, which can affect, stimulate or inhibit terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Such effects can be tested by various physiological, morphological and cytological bioassays. Lactuca sativa L. is widely used as fuel, presenting the favorable characteristics in the evaluation of substances. This dissertation is associated with the chapters, which the Chapter 1 presents with summary analysis in the development of botan of D. erecta L., the secondary metabolism of D. erecta, allelopathy as interaction plant / plant allelopathic substances, the use of allelochemicals as bioherbicides and plant bioassays. Chapter 2 is presented as an article form, formatted according to the regulations of each journal, being composed of articles I, II and III. In the article I aimed to study the pruning practice on the phytotoxic effect of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of D. erecta leaves on the bioassay of L. sativa. Therefore, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity were amplified in plants that underwent pruning stress. Article II presents the effect of the phytotoxic action of D. erecta hydroethanolic extract on the physiological and morphological parameters of Solanum melongena L. plants, where there was a marked reduction in liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration, with no relative content of chlorophyll, root length and dry mass. In the article III the fractionation in solvents of different polarities from the hydroethanolic extract of leaves of D. erecta was evaluated, evaluating the phytotoxic and cytotoxic action in L. sativa. The secondary metabolism products present in the fractions and their relation to the observed activities were also investigated.