Efeito de um programa de exercício aeróbico sobre os níveis plasmáticos de citocinas em indivíduos hipertensos

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) caused 17.9 million deaths worldwide in 2016, representing 31% of all global deaths from non-communicable diseases. Considered as a CVD, Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is also an important risk factor for cardiovascular complications. Several markers are related to SAH, mainly inflammatory markers, such as cytokines. Regular physical exercise can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality by up to 60%. Objective: To evaluate the effect of aerobic training on plasma cytokine concentrations in hypertensive individuals. Methods: Controlled clinical trial. Approved by the CEP of the Federal University of Alfenas – MG with Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trial. Recruitment period September 2018 to February 2020. 100 participants were allocated and divided into intervention group and control group, ending with 77 individuals. At the beginning and at the end of the study, participants underwent blood collection and evaluation for further analysis of plasma cytokine levels. For the statistical analysis, the normality test was initially performed through the Shapiro - Wilk analysis and then, for the parametric variables, the paired T tests and the T test were used and for the nonparametric variables the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The results of this study show a significant reduction in SBP [95% CI -8.33 (133.05 to 124.72)] and DBP [95% CI -5.27 (82.22 to 76.94)], increased expiratory muscle strength [95% CI 15.08 (92.61 to 107.69)] and the distance covered in the 6-minute walk test minutes [95% CI 85.56 (406.26 to 491.82)] in the exercised group when compared to baseline values and when compared to the CG. In addition, the individuals who underwent aerobic training showed an improvement in quality of life when compared to CG. Plasma cytokine analysis demonstrated that there was no difference within groups when compared to baseline values and between groups. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that aerobic training in addition to promoting benefits for quality of life hypertensive individuals, reduced blood pressure levels and benefited from physical conditioning, without altering the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Inas did not demonstrate to be involved with the genesis of SAH, as well, the aerobic training did not interfere in its levels.