Avaliação da hidroxiapatita sintética como substituto ósseo em associação com membrana biológica em defeitos críticos em fíbula de ratos Wistar.

Abstract

In both the medical and dental areas, different researches in the search for natural or synthetic substances that can replace lost, soft or hard bodied tissues have been performed. At present, due to the great technological development of biomaterials, together with the advancement of knowledge about the biology of the bone tissue, there is a greater possibility of selectively influencing the bone formation, allowing the quality control and the quantity of bone inside the buccal structures. Lack of bone is a major problem in aesthetic-functional rehabilitation. When damaged, it has the capacity for regeneration and repair. However, in situations where the size of the defect is too large, it does not regenerate completely. Due to this the class of biomaterials has gained prominence in the bone reconstructions. In the field of dentistry, biomaterials can be applied as a bone graft in regenerative or corrective surgeries. The area of tissue bioengineering seeks to develop biomaterials that are increasingly approaching natural biological tissues, aiming to improve the tissue response in the formation of a new tissue. This research realized a comparative analysis of bone neoformation between synthetic hydroxyapatite (PAH) and autogenous bone, considered the gold standard for bone grafting. Critical defects of approximately 4 mm were made in the fibula of rats, medium third, to observe the behavior of the bone neoformation against the synthetic biomaterial HAP, observing the bone formation of the margins of the defect to the center. The groups are divided into negative control group: clot (COA), n = 10; experimental group: PAH graft group + Collagen Membrane, = 10; group with Collagen Membrane only, n = 10. Histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin and scanning electron microscopy were performed. The results shown or the actual potential of biomaterial to promote bone neoformation, including osteoconduction characteristic, absence of antigenicity as well as its bioactive properties.