O processo de escolarização em pouso alegre, minas gerais, no século XIX

Abstract

The following study is an analysis of schooling development in Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais during the 19th century. Therefore, studies developed through the perspective of Cultural History and History of Education were taken as theoretical reference. The main idea used as basis was the conception about the schooling process from Luciano Mendes de Faria Filho (2003) which proposes that this movement should be understood in two ways: first, schooling refers to the organization of the institutions which are responsible for all levels of formal education; on the other hand, it can also be perceived as the creation of social and cultural references for which the school and its daily life become orientation basis. The methodology applied was mainly the analysis of printed matter (Almanacs from Minas Gerais State, Census Books of Brazil, newspapers and reports from the Presidents of the Province) and documents found at the Public Archive of the state of Minas Gerais. That analysis has allowed access to data such as the number of existing schools, the number of students, the retirements, the opening of secondary classes and the its annexation to private schools. Accordingly, throughout all the its chapters, this study has tried to understand how schooling was organized by the society of Pouso Alegre. It is possible now to conclude that a diverse network of educational services was developed in the city, with a differentiated clientele profile between each of the segments. However, a similarity has been noticed: schooling was understood as a fundamental condition for the development of morality and civilized behavior. However, the schooling process did not occur in a totally harmonious way, the analyzes carried out through the various sources indicated a set of factors that delayed its development. Finally, we investigated the influence of the press in the formation of opinions and speeches in Pouso Alegre, especially about the schooling process.