Associação entre os polimorfismos rs739837 e rs2228570 no gene receptor de vitamina D com fenótipos orais de crianças

Abstract

Dental caries, gingivitis and development defects of enamel (DDE) are prevalent changes affecting the oral cavity and have a multifactorial etiology, whith include genetic predispositions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral phenotypes and the association with the rs739837 and rs2228570 polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in children from the city of Alfenas-MG. This cross-sectional study was carried matriculated in four municipal schools. Those responsible were interviewed through an investigation regarding medical history, odontology, diet and oral hygiene habits. Afterwards the children were received dental examinations and evaluated by the ICDAS indices (dental caries), the presence of gingivitis (CPI) and data referring to DDEs. Saliva samples were collected as biological material for extraction of genomic DNA. The DNA of each sample was extracted, quantified and standardized for the genotyping analysis of rs739837 and rs2228570 polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene by real-time PCR, Taqman method. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using the chi-square test and the T-test. Values with p <0.05 were considered statistically significant. In our study, we observed that the vast majority of the children were in the mixed dentition 308 (87.25%) and 45 (12.75%) had permanent dentition. When the presence of carious lesions was observed, 202 children (57.22%) were free of lesions and 151 (42.78%) had dental caries. When we evaluated the characteristics of the gingival aspects, 147 (41.64%) had gingival bleeding in at least one sextant evaluated, and the biofilm presence, all the children evaluated had some sextant with biofilm, with a mean of 1.79 (± 0.30). During the assessment of defects of enamel, we obtained 223 (63.17%) children who had at least one tooth with DDEs. The use of dental floss with the lowest prevalence of gingivitis (p = 0.03) was only significant in relation to the association of oral phenotypes with oral hygiene, dietary factores and pre, peri and postnatal factors (P=0,06). Polymorphisms rs739837 and rs222857 were not statistically significant with the phenotypes analyzed in this study. Based on the parameters analyzed and the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that oral and dietary hygiene habits were not associated with dental caries in children of Alfenas, MG. Gingivitis was associated with the use of dental floss and DDEs were not associated with pre, peri and postnatal factors. In addition, there was no association between genetic polymorphisms (rs2228570 and rs739837) in the VDR gene with the presence of evaluated oral phenotypes studied.