Educação e ética em Kant: a importância da pedagogia da autonomia para a constituição moral do sujeito

Abstract

This dissertation seeks to contribute with the reflexion about education according to the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). The main objective is to show Kant’s thought about education and its relation to ethics. Concomitantly, it intends to produce a reflexion able to ripen practices to morality’s development by means of education. As important theoretical referential of this investigation it will search support at the opus About Pedagogy (2002), with emphasis on its introduction and second part. At this context, it is proposed the following question: how to constitute subject’s moral formation in face of the lacks of models and referentials that arouse ethical behavior? This work is organized in three chapters, to tackle the lifted problem. In the first, it occupies on showing some considerations about Modern Age’s ambience. The second chapter indicates Rousseau’s opus impact on Kant’s educational thought. And, in the third, it discusses the remarkable aspects of Kant’s educational proposal, demonstrating its relation with practical education’s dimension, of public and private education, in consideration of reaching, at ethical plan, happiness over virtue, and, at political plan, perennial peace. So it is proposed education as a way to dismiss human being of his instinctive inclinations and direct him to the way of freedom, in order to develop entirely his rational faculty, promoting him to his best state of humanity. The investigation developed here is of theoretical nature and structured according to rigour, criticism and conjunct view characteristic of the philosophically reflexive and systematic approaches.