O livro didático de história para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: uma análise das propostas metodológicas a partir da teoria da atividade

Abstract

The textbook is taken in this research as a didactic object that has undergone profound transformations over time. And with the development of the history and functions of the textbook in the school environment this object has been appropriating different pedagogical perspectives, production techniques and diagramming that today enable the production of an instrument that is composed, in addition of texts and images, by a way of teaching certain content, representing not only programmatic content but also a methodological proposal. This methodological proposal of the textbook is taken in this research as a possible teaching proposal and as an object of study. In the light of the Theory of Activity we try to understand whether the proposals for teaching four textbooks of history for the 4th and 5th year of elementary School make clear the end to which they propose, educate themselves in the student motifs related to the announced end and suggest actions and operations that lead the student to go into activity with respect to the historical content announced as an end. Methodological proposals were analyzed whose end content related to the Brazilian and African history and culture, with the aim of observing whether the educational proposals can lead the student to become aware of this content, instituted as Compulsory in schools of basic education from the publication of the Law 10.639/2003. Through this research we have identified that the educational proposals can define whether or not a content can be conscious for the student, since that educational proposal that can lead the student to enter into activity with respect to the historical content related to the Brazilian and African history and culture can cause the student to become aware of this historical content, on the other hand, the historical content cannot get to be conscious to the student if the teaching proposal does not make it clear to the student their end , do not educate in the student a reason related to the announced end and do not arise actions and operations that lead the student to enter into activity with respect to the content on the history and culture Brazilian and African.