Atividade do potencial anti-inflamatório da espécie Allophylus racemosus Sw.

Abstract

The nature always aroused in man a charming allure, not only by the resources available for their food and maintenance, but also for their main source of inspiration and learning. Allophylus racemosus Sw., objective of study, has no reports of its use, nor when it comes to scientific research data bases on studies of their pharmacological activities. It belongs to the Family Sapindaceae that comprises 140 genus and about 1900 species worldwide. Among them the Allophylus genus has about 250 species. Although a considerable number of species, there is a scant amount of research related to this genre, nor that kind. This plant was collected in the region of Minas Gerais Atlantic Forest near city Alfenas-MG. For the phytochemical study and anti-inflammatory activity, the crude ethanol extract of Allophylus racemosus Sw. leaves were obtained by extraction in ethanol and subjected to paw edema induced by carrageenan and ear edema test, which demonstrated a statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the negative and positive controls (indomethacin). After that, the crude extract there was partitioning by liquid-liquid extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate and a mixture ethanol: water (1: 2) to give three fractions allowing separating compounds according polarity. Subsequently, the three fractions obtained were subjected to bioassay to determine the group of higher activity. The hydroalcoholic fraction presented the highest activity(43,6%). Through this fraction could be isolated (by LC-DAD using a semi-preparative column) and identifying (LC-MS) a substance that has a core apigenin linked to a pentose. In addition to the crude extract and fractions of Allophylus racemosus Sw. Was tested for anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils, and it showed statistically significant (24.8% and 41.3% at concentrations of 0.25% and 25%, respectively) results compared to the negative and positive controls (indomethacin and Acheflan®). The anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils is mainly related to the major compounds, γ-muurolene (30.66%), (E) -caryophyllene (18.56%) and bicyclogermacrene (17.38%), and the compound α -humulene (2.33%), also found in Acheflan® phytomedicine and being responsible for along with (E)-caryophyllene, the anti-inflammatory activity of phytomedicine as reported in the literature.