Revisão sistemática de marcadores de resistência e/ou susceptibilidade de Biomphalaria sp. à infecção por Schistosoma mansoni

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is an endemic disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. It is known that several factors may interfere with the success or failure of S. mansoni infection in its intermediate host, such as behavioral, genetic and immunological factors. However, the complexity of mechanisms of mollusk resistance or susceptibility have not yet been fully elucidated. Understanding this importance, the present study aimed to carry out a systematic review on Biomphalaria ́s resistance and susceptibility factors to S. mansoni infection. A systematic search was carried out in PUBMED, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE databases. The present review identified 189 papers, of which 66 were included in this systematic review. It was observed that most of the studies were derived from developed and disease-free countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom. Most of the studies focused on the use of Biomphalaria glabrata strains derived from Brazil and Caribbean infected with S. mansoni strains from these two geographic regions (n = 58 / 87.88%). Seventy-one factors related to resistance and 41 related to the host's susceptibility to infection were identified. The biological processes related to these factors were diverse, mainly highlighting processes related to oxidative stress, immune response and cellular stress. Among the genes identified, the most cited genes cited in the selected studies were those that encode the enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which were more frequently cited as factors of resistance to infection. Although this review indicates several factors of resistance and / or susceptibility of the intermediate host to infection by S. mansoni, it is still necessary to invest in studies that aimed to study this aspect of the intermediate host and parasite relationship, in order to make more clearly the main genes and Biological pathways involved in resistance or susceptibility of Biomphalaria sp. to S. mansoni infection.