Transporte de material dissolvido pelo escoamento superficial produzido por um simulador de chuva sobre uma superfície impermeável

Abstract

The population growth demands greater attention to urban water management. The increase of impermeable areas and their relation with the transport of soluble material must be studied in order to bring clarification and help the authorities to planning actions to ensure the population’s safety. The objective of this work was to study the influence of occupancy density on the transportation of a soluble material (in order to simulate a dissolved pollutant) and urban surface runoff, using physical modeling. A rainfall simulator was used, with an intensity of 43mm.h-1. Hydrographs of the different scenarios were used to analyze if the presence of blocks has influence on the surface runoff. In order to evaluate the influence of the density of urban occupation in the transport of pollutants, the pollutants of the different scenarios were made, varying the position of the pollutant in the area and the density of occupation. It was proposed the use of a Rotational Compound Central Design (CCRD), which analyzed five dependent variables (initial and final transportation time, time at which the peak of the pollutogram was reached, value of this peak and the total mass transported). Working on the data, it was noticed that all the dependent variables are influenced by the linear effect of the position of the pollutant. The quadratic effect is relevant for the model of all variables except the final time. The linear effect of the density was influential for the peak time, the value of this and the mass transported. The quadratic effect of density was only relevant for the initial transport time. The interaction between the independent variables was only relevant for the peak time. It was possible to conclude that the pollutant position was relevant for all variables analyzed, but the occupation density did not influence the final transport time. It was also concluded that the presence of blocks has influences on the beginning of the hydrograph, but the occupation density was not relevant for the densities evaluated.